OBJECTIVE

• To obtain a challenging position as a Senior K2 Solutions Architect, Project Manager, Scrum Master, Technical Lead or Software Developer with a good career path that makes the best use of my skills and has good prospects for growth.

SUMMARY

• 4+ years of K2 Blackpearl / BlackPoint expertise in mid & large scale farm deployments - K2 Blackpearl, SmartObjects, SmartForms, WCF & REST endpoints, K2 workflows, K2 Service brokers, K2 Workspace, K2 Designer, K2 Studio, K2 Custom controls, K2 Event bus and schedulers, control util, broker management, custom asp.net K2 web application design using K2 Sourcecode API, K2 Blackpearl full life cycle deployments, K2 Windows 2012 server small, mid, large scale farm installation & configuration, K2 end-to-end integration with CRM Dynamics & Salesforce
• SharePoint “all-rounder” (Administrator, Developer, Trainer, Technical Project Manager and Business Analyst). I have over 10 years of total experience working with SharePoint 2007, SharePoint 2010, SharePoint 2013 and 2016. My responsibilities have varied from recreating architectures, server administration, troubleshooting SharePoint, developing in InfoPath & SharePoint Designer, search, custom web part development using C#/VB.Net and development with CSOM, JSOM and in C# & JavaScript libraries within Visual Studio.
• 12+ years of Project Management experience including Requirements review and documentation; ITIL guidelines; Agile/SCRUM methodology; Service Delivery Management; User interface documentation; Use-Case documentation; Detailed design documentation; Project development guidelines based on the UML methodology; Scheduling and facilitate walkthroughs and team meetings; Timeline and task management; Status reports and updates; Process re-engineering; Technical architecture design; Business users and business owner interactions; Technical team lead interactions; Cross-functional teams management; Project analysis & design using Microsoft Project, TFS, Service Now, SDLC/PLC methodologies.
• 5+ years of experience as a Certified SCRUM Master, Project management using Agile methodologies including Scrum, Lean, Six Sigma, Kanban using tools such as Team Foundation Server, AxoSoft OnTimeNow, Atlassian JIRA, Confluence, Zephyr, GreenHopper and Bonfire
• 2+ years of Cloud Architecture development experience in Windows Azure, AD/Azure Federation Integration, SiteMinder, IAAS, PAAS, ShareGate migration/management, Skydrive pro, One Drive for Business & REST services. CRM/SAAS application integration/development/configuration on Salesforce, Microsoft Dynamics, PowerObjects, PowerMailChimp, Bulk Email configuration, Radian6 & HootSuite.
• 3+ years of Data Architect experience including Development of data architectural foundation, governance and modeling; track record in designing scalable, multi-tenant environments, highly available services that provide the foundation for modeling, collecting, storing and analysis of large data sets; Responsible for driving data solutions for service requirements by planning and managing data architecture design efforts; Experience with ETL tools/technologies including master data management, Enterprise content management systems, data retention strategies, analytics and data architecture best practices; Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based strategies; Skilled in Normalization and De-Normalization strategies; Enterprise Architecture framework using TOGAF 9.1, Informatica, IBM Infosphere, SQL Power Architect, ER/Studio, CA Erwin Data Modeler, Enterprise Architect, MagicDraw Visio; Exposure to Big Data Hadoop, NoSQL; Expertise in Relational Data Models (conceptual, logical and physical data models), Dimensional Data Models, Data Dictionary and Metadata
• 8+ years of Enterprise Architect experience in Systems Analysis, Design, Development and Implementation of various applications including Web, Windows and Client/Server Application development using SharePoint Portal Server and SharePoint Services, .NET Framework, C#, VB.NET, ASP.NET & AJAX Technologies.
• Extensive experience in Installing, Configuring, Administrating, Maintaining and Trouble-shooting Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2013 & 2010, MOSS 2007, SharePoint Portal Server (SPS) 2003, MS PS Project Server 2010/2007, Project Web App PWA, Enterprise Global Templates, Enterprise Project Management EPM, Project Online and Windows SharePoint Services 3.0/2.0.
• Worked through all the phases of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) including Requirements Gathering, Analysis, Design, Development, Testing, UAT, Production and Post-production Support.
• Extensive experience in Developing and building WebParts using SharePoint object model and SharePoint Designer 2007.
• Salesforce.com integration using SAP NetWeaver PI 7.1, Informatica, K2/Blackpearl, MS CRM Dynamics, SharePoint 2013, WSDL, mySAP Business Suite, SAP Smart Business solutions
• Design and implement data models according to the project requirement, Participate in data architecture strategy and policy making initiatives, Development of a data strategy and associated polices, Experience in Data Warehousing, Performed Conceptual Data Modeling, Enterprise Data Modeling, Logical Data Modeling, Physical Data Modeling, Operational Datastore Design, Datamart Design, Metadata Management, Provided data models and data maps (extract, transform and load analysis) of datamarts.
• SP2013 Search configuration - Hostcontroller.exe, Noderunner.exe, Search topology and large farm configuration for high availability, Index Partitions/replica configuration, Query/Crawler/Content Source/Analytics/Content processing component/Link, Content Submission Service
• Proficient in creating and deploying forms using InfoPath 2007/2003 and Expertise in designing and building Work Flows using SharePoint Designer 2007 and Visual Studio 2005.
• Experience with Insight / Business Intelligence (BI) layer using K2/Nintex/Dundas/ Infragistics, Declarative & Code-centric Workflows, EMM, Powershell, Excel Web Services, ECS, REST API, JSON API, PowerPivot / SSAS, MS PS Project Server 2013/2010, Project Online, PWA Project Web App, PSI (Project Server Interfaces), FileNet, OLAP Cubes, PerformancePoint Services PPS, Event Throttling, Visio Services, Visio Web Part, Visio Graphics Service, Angular JS, jQuery.
• Extensive Experience in working with databases like SQL Server 2005/2000, Oracle 10g/9i using data access technologies like ADO, ADO.NET, OLEDB and ODBC.
• Experience in administering SQL Server 2005 and Windows Server 2003 including maintaining user groups and roles in Active Directory and administering IIS 6.0.
• Excellent Experience in developing XML applications (DTD, Schema, DOM, XSL (XSL-FO, XSLT, X Path, X Query). Good experience in JavaScript, VBScript, HTML & DHTML.
• Hands on experience in creating Tables and Views as well as writing Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, Cursors, indexes using T-SQL and PL/SQL.
• Experience in Creating Packages using SSIS/DTS to import/export data and schedule tasks to move data from log tables.
• Expertise in developing Web Services using WCF, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI.
• Experience in Creating Reports using SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) and Crystal Reports.
• Experience in troubleshooting issues resulting from SharePoint 2007 to SharePoint 2010 migrations.
• Intranet/Internet B2B Commerce Web Development using Active Server Pages (ASP), Microsoft Visual InterDev, Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0, Microsoft Visual Studio.Net, Internet Information Server (IIS) 5.0, Index Server 5.0, MSMQ, HomeSite 3.0, XML, XSL, SOAP, Secure Channel Services (SCS), SSL, SQL, HTML, DHTML, SMTP Services on IIS, CDONTS, NewMail / ASPMail / Ad Rotator Active Server Components, COM, ActiveX DLLs, ActiveX Controls, ADO, ODBC, UML Methodology, Crystal Reports, OO Design Patterns, Microsoft SQL Server, ClearCase Source Control, JavaScript & VBScript.
• Web Development using JAVA 1.2, JSP, Log4j, WebLogic, Ariba MarketSuite 1.5/ DynamicTrade 2.1, EAI technologies using TIBCO Spotfire & Rendezvous, BizTalk Server & MSMQ, SQL, HTML, DHTML, XML, JDBC, Oracle 8i & ClearCase
• Deep knowledge of service oriented architecture and object oriented programming and design, design patterns.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Business Process: K2 Blackpearl 4.6.9/4.6.11 , K2 BlackPearl full life cycle deployments, K2 farm, Automationinstallation & configuration, SmartObjects, SmartForms, WCF & REST endpoints, K2 Automation workflows, K2 Service brokers, K2 Workspace, K2 Designer, K2 Studio, K2 Custom controls, K2 Event bus and schedulers, K2 Custom ASP.Net form design/development using K2 Blackpearl 4.6.9 SourceCode API, K2 CRM Dynamics, Salesforce Integration, K2 extranet/O365 configuration

Portal Technologies: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2013, SharePoint Server 2010, MOSS 2007, SharePoint Portal Server (SPS) 2003, Windows SharePoint Services 3.0/2.0, SSRS, SSAS, Business Intelligence (BI) with K2 / Dundas / Infragistics, Declarative & Code-centric Workflows, EMM, Powershell, Excel Web Services, ECS, REST API, JSON API, PowerPivot, OLAP Cubes, Performance Point Services PPS, Event Throttling, Visio Services, Visio Web Part, Visio Graphics Service, SharePoint Migration using DocAve v5.6, v6.0, FAST search, Office 365, Code Two mailbox migration to Office 365, 2013 Exchange Server mailbox migration utility, Hybrid, Cloud, Office 365 mailbox configuration, MS PS Project Server 2013/2010/2007 , Project Online, Enterprise Global Templates, Enterprise Project Management EPM, PWA Project Web Application, Nintex, Salesforce.com, Radian6, FileNet, SAAS & SharePoint online integration, ArcGIS/ESRI integration with SharePoint.

Methodologies: SDLC, RUP/UML, Waterfall, Agile, SCRUM, ASAP, PMBOK, Lean, Six Sigma, ITIL, SAFe, Kanban

PMO Tools: MS Visio, MS Project, Service Now, TFS, AxoSoft OnTimeNow, Atlassian JIRA, Confluence, Zephyr, GreenHopper, Bonfire

Salesforce Integration: SAP NetWeaver PI 7.1, Informatica, K2/Blackpearl, MS CRM Dynamics, SharePoint 2013, WSDL, mySAP Business Suite, SAP Smart Business solutions

Cloud Computing: Windows Azure, AD/Azure Federation Integration, SiteMinder, IAAS, PAAS, SAAS, ShareGate migration/management, One Drive for Business, CRM/SAASSalesforce, Microsoft Dynamics, PowerObjects, PowerMailChimp, Bulk Email configuration, Radian6, HootSuite

Microsoft Technologies: .Net Framework 4.5/3.5, ADO.NET, ASP.NET, AJAX, .Net Remoting, WCF, Web Services, RDBMS/ SQL Server 2012/2008/2005/2000 , Oracle 8i/7.1/7.3, MS Access

Data Architecture: Development of data architectural foundation, governance and modeling; SSRS, SSAS, PowerBI, SQL Business Intelligence Studio, ETL tools/technologies including master data management, Enterprise content management systems, data retention strategies, analytics and data architecture best practices; Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based strategies; Normalization and De-Normalization strategies; Experienced with Enterprise Architecture framework using TOGAF 9.1 standards, Informatica, IBM Infosphere, SQL Power Architect, ER/Studio, CA Erwin Data Modeler, Enterprise Architect, MagicDraw Visio; Exposure to Big Data Hadoop, NoSQL; Expertise in Relational Data Models (conceptual, logical and physical data models), Dimensional Data Models, Data Dictionary and Metadata

Operating Systems: Windows Server 2003, Windows XP/2000/NT, UNIX

Web Servers: Internet Information Server IIS 5.0/6.0, Index Server 5.0, Secure Channel Services (SCS) / SSL, SMTP Services on IIS, MSMQ, Transaction Server, Weblogic, Hybrid/On-Premise Exchange Server, Office 365 mailbox administration

Development Tools: Visual Studio 2008/2005/2003 , Visual Studio 6.0, SharePoint Designer 2007

Languages: C#, VB.NET, Angular JS, JAVA, T-SQL, PL/SQL, WSDL/SOAP, XML Query (XQL), ASP, SQL*Plus, MSXML 4.0/3.0, Perl scripting, JSP, jQuery.

Scripting Languages: JavaScript, VB Script, jScript, XML/XSD, XSL/XSLT, CSS, HTML, DHTML

Version Control Tools: Visual Source Safe, Team Foundation Server, ClearCase, PVCS 5.1

Reporting Tools: SQL Server Reporting Services, Crystal Reports 10.0/9.0/8.0

Software Apps: Microsoft Dundas, Nintex, K2, CDONTS, NewMail/ ASPMail/Ad Rotator Active Server Components, COM, ActiveX DLLs, ActiveX Controls, ADO, ADO.Net, Ariba MarketSuite 1.5/DynamicTrade 2.1, EAI technologies using TIBCO Spotfire, TIBCO Rendezvous, BizTalk Server & MSMQ, Log4j, ODBC, JDBC, ADSI (Active Directory Service Interfaces), Client Access V4, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Office & Crystal Reports, WAST (Web Application Stress Tool), ResMe Globalization Software, Qualstat Multi-variate statistics analysis software, .Net Custom Controls, Windows API

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Sr. Principal Consultant/Architect/Developer

Confidential - Houston, TX

Responsibilities:

• Lead K2 Architect responsible for building DEV, Integration, UAT & Production K2 farms on K2 BlackPearl 4.6.9/4.6.11
• Train/Guide senior, mid-level and junior software developers & service support staff on K2 Designer/App development strategies
• Stake holder engagement for business requirement definition, application design documentation, POC creation, full life cycle development, unit/integration/uat testing, go-live plan and warranty support
• Work with DBAs, application support leads to define & implement back end integration/automation strategies
• Build Custom ASP.Net forms using K2 Blackpearl SourceCode API
• K2 Custom service broker & custom control design
• Project Management & task allocations using SCRUM/TFS methodology using JIRA, Confluence, Zephyr, GreenHopper and Bonfire
• MS Project Server 2013 installation & configuration, Project Online, Project Web App PWA, Enterprise Global Templates, Enterprise Project Management EPM, PSI (Project Server Interfaces), Project Server event codes,
• Migration and integration of Project Server applications with SharePoint & K2 Smart forms.
• Migration and real-time synchronization of On-prem Project & SharePoint server applications with O365 cloud (project online) and custom hybrid cloud farms
• Database Design and Visualization - SQL Server 2012, PowerBI, SSRS, SSAS, OLAP Cubes
• Business Intelligence drill down dashboard reporting using PerformancePoint, Plumsail, SQL Server Analysis Services, Business Intelligence Development Studio, Business stakeholder interactions

Solutions Architect

Confidential, Austin, TX

Responsibilities:

• Lead SharePoint Architect responsible for Azure, Office 365 cloud configuration/integration with on-prem environment, SAAS/PAAS definitions, Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) implementation, real-time two-way Cloud/On-prem synchronization using Metaviz/ShareGate/DocAve, K2/Blackpearl technology integration, Drill down dashboard reporting using PerformancePoint, Plumsail, SQL Server Analysis Services, Cube design & implementation, Business Intelligence Development Studio, Business stakeholder interactions, Agile/SCRUM methodology, training software developers/end-users, enterprise logical data model, universal data model patterns, Inmon methodology for data warehousing, Query tuning & optimization, Purging strategy. Salesforce.com, Radian6, IBM Infosphere, SQL Power Architect
• Design and implement data models according to the project requirement, Participate in data architecture strategy and policy making initiatives, Development of a data strategy and associated polices, Experience in Data Warehousing, Performed Conceptual Data Modeling, Enterprise Data Modeling, Logical Data Modeling, Physical Data Modeling, Operational Datastore Design, Datamart Design, Metadata Management, Provided data models and data maps (extract, transform and load analysis) of datamarts.
• SP2013 Search configuration - Hostcontroller.exe, Noderunner.exe, Search topology and large farm configuration for high availability, Index Partitions/replica configuration, Query/Crawler/Content Source/Analytics/Content processing component/Link, Content Submission Service
• Salesforce.com / PeopleSoft integration - Leading a team of application developers for an upcoming real-time synchronization project to expose PeopleSoft FI data in Salesforce. Business objective is to create Executive Dashboards for Financial data including Customer master, Invoices, Orders in Salesforce. Currently involved in high-level architecture design and vendor selection processes. Investigating Informatica, K2/Blackpearl, DOMO, Web service oriented options for achieving real-time synchronization between Salesforce.com and PeopleSoft.

Sr. Consultant/SharePoint Architect

Confidential, Houston, TX

Responsibilities:

• Lead SharePoint Architect / Sr. Project Manager responsible for executive business team/stakeholders interactions for project charter definition and program road map configuration updates, Agile/SCRUM methodology, SharePoint 2010/2013 Business Intelligence (BI) layer design & implementation, training operations staff, application developers and end users, working with 3rd party vendors on new technology evaluations/roll-out.

Environment: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2013/2010, ESRI/ArcGis SharePoint integration, Agile/SCRUM project management tools, SQL Server 2008/2012 Integration Services (SSIS), SQL Server 2008/2012 Analysis Services (SSAS), SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS), Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS), Microsoft Performance Point Server, Microsoft Visio, Cloud Architecture development experience in Windows Azure, AD/Azure Federation Integration, SiteMinder, IAAS, PAAS, SAAS, ShareGate migration/management, REST services, Skydrive pro & One Drive for Business, SQL Power Architect, Enterprise Architect, MagicDraw. K2 BlackPearl 4.6.5, K2 Studio. SharePoint K2 Apps integration, K2 WorkSpace, K2 Custom Controls, K2 custom forms development using ASP.Net, K2 Studio for Visual Studio, K2 Workflows

Confidential

SharePoint BI layer Implementation

Responsibilities:

• Agile/SCRUM methodology implementation with 2-4 week sprints, product/sprint backlog updates, impediment logs/service now ticket updates, burn down charts, executive level reporting reviews
• Created a number of cubes, dimensions and business critical KPIs using SSAS representing aggregations in several different ways - hierarchically and using custom groupings that the company will use to analyze performance. Created several MDX queries according to business requirements.
• Configured ArcGIS for SharePoint Map Web Part, Geocoding workflow and ArcGIS API for Silverlight on mid-sized SharePoint 2013 farm, incorporated GIS functionality into SharePoint sites. Enabled SharePoint platform to become a client application that works with ArcGIS for Server web services and ArcGIS Online web maps. Enabled SharePoint lists containing spatial data to be displayed in a geospatial context. In effect, ArcGIS for SharePoint provides a geospatial dimension for SharePoint site content.
• Developed several detail and summary reports including line and pie charts, trend analysis reports and sub-reports according to business requirements using SSRS.
• Implemented business intelligence dashboards using Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) and Excel Services producing different summary results based on user view and role membership.
• Created score cards with advanced set of dashboards using Office Performance Point Server Dashboard Designer that feature executive summary measures for revenue, overhead costs, material purchases and labor extracting data from a SQL Server 2008/2012 OLAP data source and deployed them to SharePoint sites. The dashboards also contain pages to view performance by employee, by region, and by quarter enabling end-users to make filter selections.
• MS Project Server 2010/2013 farm upgrade & configuration, Project server & SharePoint server integration, Project Web apps PWA, Project Server Interface PSI
• Key product areas utilized also include data modeling, SSRS report subscriptions and data driven subscriptions, SSAS analysis services processing tasks, cube processing options and roles.
• SharePoint 2010 & 2013 mid-size farm administration, data migration, backup/restore policy implement & software release management
• Performed Conceptual Data Modeling, Logical Data Modeling, Physical Data Modeling, Datamart Design using SQL Power Architect

Sr. Developer/Enterprise SharePoint Architect

Confidential, Houston, TX

Responsibilities:

• Implementation of a DocAve 5 to DocAve 6 upgrade plan, device, and historic report/audit data upgrade using the Upgrade Tool, and a DocAve 5 data upgrade using DocAve 6 Control Panel’s Data Manager
• Managed Legacy data and updates to the BLOB externalization provider using the DocAve 6 Control Panel.
• Followed Agile SAFe framework to manage multiple SCRUM teams
• Maximize return on investment for content residing in legacy repositories
• Granularly migrate content down to individual SharePoint items in real time or through dynamic scheduling
• Implemented Content manager and replicator for Office 365 synchronization
• Implemented Data protection suite for end user restore capability and SP 2013 Apps support
• Implemented SQL server data manager for SQL individual file restores from V5
• Implemented High availability SP3 features for database synchronization from primary site to disaster recovery sites
• Office 365 email administration, Code Two mailbox migration to Office 365, 2013 Exchange Server migration utility administration, Hybrid, Cloud, Office 365 mailbox configuration
• Migration of Project Server and SharePoint server projects to O365 Project online and SharePoint online hybrid cloud environments
• Implemented Storage Manager and hybrid records management solution to externalize data storage as well as export data snapshots for ediscovery

Sr. Developer/SharePoint Architect

Confidential, Houston, TX

Responsibilities:

• Enable SharePoint administrators to easily automate the process of consolidating multiple content sources into SharePoint
• Maximize return on investment for content residing in legacy repositories
• Granularly migrate content down to individual SharePoint items in real time or through dynamic scheduling
• Retain all associated metadata and permissions throughout the migration process
• Worked with business team leads on migration plan definition
• Worked with AvePoint’s DocAve Business/IT experts to define a DocAve v5 to v6 upgrade plan.
• Implemented a hybrid ASAP/SCRUM project management model to manage Projects & Production support incidents for the SharePoint team.
• Weekly project management review with Executive IT Management & Business stake holders.
• Provide weekly status update snapshots from MS Project & Service now for executive management reviews.

SharePoint Architect/IT Project Manager, PMO IT

Confidential, Houston, TX

Responsibilities:

• Interacted with the Business Analysts for requirement analysis and created Functional Specification Documents based on the business requirements
• Involved in all phases of Software Development Life Cycle including requirements gathering, design, development, testing, implementation and post production support.
• Confidential Regional PMO adhered to SCRUM & ASAP project management standards which were diligently followed on all regional cross-platform application development projects. All projects required daily stand ups, User story documentation, Product/Sprint backlog reviews, Sprint planning/review meetings, Velocity/Burn down chart updates
• Daily/weekly project review meetings with business stake holders, off-shore IT & functional teams based on reports generated from MS Project, TFS and PLC methodologies.
• Planned, Installed, Configured and Administered Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2010 & MOSS 2007 on medium farm environment.
• Installed and configured MSPS Project Server 2010 and created custom PWAs for global/regional projects.
• Deployed and configured Web front Ends (WFE’s) and made use of Network Load Balancing (NLB) for load management.
• Created Top Level sites and site collections. Maintained a unique look and feel across the portal by using Master Pages, CSS and HTML. Additionally designed and manipulated these pages using SharePoint Designer 2007.
• Created Web Parts using SharePoint Designer 2007 to display live feeds by consuming web services.
• Experienced in troubleshooting issues resulting from SharePoint 2007 to SharePoint 2010 upgrades/migrations.
• Implemented custom built web parts using Visual Studio 2005 for the users to select the currencies involved, deal expiration date and choose which currency to buy or sell.
• Developed web services using WCF, WSDL/SOAP for processing deal requests.
• Used InfoPath 2007 to design and deploy forms to form libraries.
• Created Workflows using Visual Studio 2005 to execute and save the deals to SQL Server 2005.
• Created Graphs and Charts to display historic currency prices and price comparison between various currencies.
• Worked on Insight / Business Intelligence (BI) layer using K2 / Dundas / Infragistics, Declarative & Code-centric Workflows, EMM, Powershell, Excel Web Services, ECS, REST API, JSOM API, PowerPivot / SSAS, OLAP Cubes, PerformancePoint Services PPS, Event Throttling, Visio Services, Visio Web Part, Visio Graphics Service.
• Designed and implemented Dashboard functionality using Dundas Graphics components and Excel services by enabling/activating appropriate features and establishing data connections to SQL Server.
• Designed and implemented Data Grid Web Parts to display data from SQL Server 2005 database utilizing Business Data Catalog features.
• Implemented Event Handlers for both synchronous and asynchronous events and deployed them on the server.
• Designed Complex database and has hands-on experience in using T-SQL Queries, Stored Procedures, Triggers, Functions, Transactions, Views and fine-tuning of the database indexes.
• Designed SSIS Packages to transfer data between servers, load data into database, archive data file from different DBMSs using SQL Server Management Studio on SQL Server 2005 environment, and deploy the data.
• Designed and developed various custom defined reports using SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) and deployed them on SharePoint 2007 Portal.
• Maintained Active Directory users and groups for implementing security.
• Supported Post Production numerous daily activities/issues and assisted the pricing center/hubs and users worldwide in their daily activities and issues.